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Wireless networking in Schools - Summary of Report
The complete report on wireless technology can be downloaded in Word format using the link at the bottom of this page.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) connects computers together and enables them to communicate with each other. It can provide more freedom and flexibility than a wired network and can transmit and receive information through air, walls and ceilings. It consists of two key components: An access point that is physically connected to the local area network and a wireless card that is either built-in to or added to a laptop or desktop computer.
Typically, the access point is wired into the local area network using standard cabling. Data is transmitted from the network via this access point to the users' computers. A single access point can support a small group of users, normally within a range of 100m depending on the local environment, e.g. wall thickness, wall materials, etc.
In schools the system will especially find favour for use with laptops, but also for portable (trolley) workstations, which are the old well-tried solution in small schools and primaries. Essentially it frees the machine from a network connection and it can operate anywhere in the class or building.
A recent project surveyed approximately 50 schools known to be using wireless technologies. All of the schools surveyed claimed that installing the wireless technologies led to an increase in the provision of ICT in their schools. There are, however, some issues that need to be addressed before installing wireless networks. In summary they are:
- Security – Because these systems use radio, there are issues of security when using them. Security should be discussed with providers when considering purchase.
- Performance – The current standard equipment has a nominal transfer rate (speed) of 11 Mbps, but in practice works at 4-7 Mbps, depending on number of users, local environment and what obstructions are in the way such as buildings and their construction. However a faster system has just been ratified so speeds of 54 Mbps are now available – again in practise these will run nearer half this speed.
- Planning – A site survey before purchase is essential to plan how many access points are required and their placement.
- Power consumption – Wireless cards will draw power from a laptop. Be aware, that if a laptop is not plugged into the mains the battery life will be reduced when on the wireless network.
- Safety issues - The majority of investigation into the safety of wireless communications has been looking at mobile phone use. Results have been inconclusive, due primarily to lack of evidence.
Prices for Wireless Access Points range from around £40 to £400 (February 2005 prices). Prices for Wireless Cards for use with laptops range from £20 to £50, whilst prices for Wireless Cards for use with desktop PCs range from £20 to £50. Some manufacturers also produce wireless 'cards' that actually stand on top of PCs and plug into the USB port for about £90. When setting up a wireless network, you will need one Wireless Card for each computer you want to connect and at least one Wireless Access Point. The number of Wireless Access Points needed will depend on the area you want to be able to connect within and the number and type of construction of walls in the way. A site survey can give a good idea of the number of Wireless Access Points needed, although the only definitive way is to try it out.
Conclusions
Wireless is a developing technology that does have a place in education providing system flexibility and control of costs where the equipment is owned. However, the importance of good planning and surveying before implementation cannot be over-emphasised. As with many technologies, it is best seen as part of a complete solution rather than a stand-alone approach – for most schools a wired network would still be the best solution for the main network, with wireless being used selectively to enhance network use.
For further detailed information see the full report on Wireless Networking in Schools.
With thanks to BECTA for information supplied.
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